Microscope objective lens

ABSTRACT

Provided is a microscope objective lens that sufficiently corrects on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberrations and that has a long working distance. A microscope objective lens OL includes, in order from an object side, a first lens group G 1  with positive refractive power and a second lens group G 2  with negative refractive power. The first lens group G 1  of the microscope objective lens OL includes a diffractive optical element GD including a diffractive optical surface D, and the diffractive optical element GD is arranged at a position closer to the image than a section where a diameter of a light flux passing through the first lens group G 1  is the largest.

This is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/138,697,filed Apr. 26, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/709,785, filed Dec. 10, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,366,850,which is a Continuation of International Patent Application No.PCT/JP2011/063477 filed Jun. 13, 2011, which claims the benefit ofJapanese Patent Application No. 2010-136728 filed Jun. 16, 2010 andJapanese Patent Application No. 2010-136729 filed Jun. 16, 2010. Thedisclosures of the prior applications are hereby incorporated byreference herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a microscope objective lens.

BACKGROUND ART

In microscopic observation, a microscope objective lens with as longworking distance as possible is desired to facilitate handling of asample. However, a focal length of a lens group arranged on an objectside needs to be long to secure a long working distance. Furthermore,when the focal length of the lens group is taken into account, a spacefor the arrangement of the lenses is limited, and correction ofaberrations, particularly high-order spherical aberration and chromaticaberration, becomes difficult. Therefore, a lens system using adiffractive optical element (DOE) is proposed (for example, see PatentLiterature 1). The use of the diffractive optical element allowsadvanced correction of the chromatic aberration, and necessarycorrection by the lenses is therefore the correction of the sphericalaberration.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-331898

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

However, on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberrations need to be balancedin the lens system using the diffractive optical element, and thearrangement of the diffractive optical element needs to be devised.

The present invention has been made in view of the problem, and anobject of the present invention is to provide a microscope objectivelens that sufficiently corrects on-axis and off-axis chromaticaberrations and that has a long working distance.

Solution to Problem

To solve the problem, a first present invention provides a microscopeobjective lens including, in order from an object side: a first lensgroup with positive refractive power; and a second lens group withnegative refractive power, wherein the first lens group includes adiffractive optical element including a diffractive optical surface, thediffractive optical element is arranged at a position closer to theimage than a position where a diameter of a light flux passing throughthe first lens group is the largest, and conditions of the followingexpressions are satisfied, in which a maximum diameter of the light fluxpassing through the first lens group is defined as φmax, a maximumdiameter of the light flux passing through the diffractive opticalsurface is defined as φDOE, a focal length of the second lens group isdefined as f2, and a focal length of an entire system is defined as f:

φDOE/φmax<0.76

0.65<(−f2)/f<2.0.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, the first lensgroup includes a lens component with positive refractive power arrangedclosest to an object, and a condition of the following expression issatisfied, in which a distance on an optical axis from the object to anapex of a lens surface closest to the object of the first lens group isdefined as d0, and a distance on the optical axis from the object to anapex of a lens surface closest to an image is defined as L:

0.1<d0/L<0.6.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, a condition ofthe following expressions is satisfied, in which a focal length of thelens component closest to the object of the first lens group is definedas f11:

1.2<f11/f<19.0.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, a condition ofthe following expression is satisfied, in which a focal length of thefirst lens group is defined as f1:

0.5≦f1/f≦3.5.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, a lens surfaceclosest to the image of the second lens group is arranged to have aconcave surface facing the image side.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, a position of anintersection of a principal ray and an optical axis is closer to theobject than the lens surface closest to the image of the second lensgroup.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, the first lensgroup includes at least one cemented positive lens.

It is preferable that in the at least one cemented positive lens in thefirst lens group of the microscope objective lens, when an absolutevalue of a difference between an Abbe number of a medium of a positivelens element and an Abbe number of a medium of a negative lens elementincluded in the cemented positive lens is defined as Δν_(d1), at leastone of the absolute values of the differences satisfies a condition ofthe following expression:

Δν_(d1)>40.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, the second lensgroup includes at least one cemented negative lenses.

It is preferable that in the at least one cemented negative lens of thesecond lens group of the microscope objective lens, when an absolutevalue of a difference between an Abbe number of a medium of a positivelens element and an Abbe number of a medium of a negative lens elementincluded in the cemented negative lens is defined as Δν_(d2), at leastone of the absolute values of the differences satisfies a condition ofthe following expression:

Δν_(d2)>30.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, a condition ofthe following expression is satisfied, in which a marginal ray height ofthe lens surface closest to the object of the first lens group isdefined as H, and an on-axis lens thickness of the lens componentclosest to the object of the first lens group is defined as d11:

2<H/d11<3.6.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, the lens surfaceclosest to the object of the first lens group is arranged to have aconcave surface facing the object side.

It is preferable that in the microscope objective lens, when arefractive index relative to a d line of a medium of a lens arrangedclosest to the object of the first lens group is defined as n1, a radiusof curvature of the lens surface closest to the object of the lens isdefined as r, power φ of the lens surface closest to the object of thelens is defined by the following expression

φ=(n1−1)/r,

and an effective radius of the lens surface closest to the object of thelens arranged closest to the object is defined as H1, a condition of thefollowing expression is satisfied:

0.05≦|φ×H1|≦0.35.

A second present invention provides a microscope objective lensincluding, in order from an object side: a first lens group withpositive refractive power; and a second lens group with negativerefractive power, wherein the first lens group includes a lens componentwith positive refractive power arranged closest to an object and adiffractive optical element including a diffractive optical surface, thediffractive optical element is arranged at a location closer to theimage than a position where a diameter of a light flux passing throughthe first lens group is the largest, and conditions of the followingexpressions are satisfied, in which a distance on an optical axis fromthe object to an apex of a lens surface closest to the object of thefirst lens group is defined as d0, a distance on the optical axis fromthe object to an apex of a lens surface closest to an image is definedas L, a maximum diameter of the light flux passing through the firstlens group is defined as φmax, and a maximum diameter of the light fluxpassing through the diffractive optical surface is defined as φDOE:

0.3<d0/L<0.6

φDOE/φmax<0.76.

A third present invention provides a microscope objective lensincluding, in order from an object side: a first lens group withpositive refractive power; and a second lens group with negativerefractive power, wherein the first lens group includes a lens componentwith positive refractive power arranged closest to an object and adiffractive optical element including a diffractive optical surface, thediffractive optical element is arranged at a location closer to theimage than a position where a diameter of a light flux passing throughthe first lens group is the largest, and conditions of the followingexpressions are satisfied, in which a focal length of the lens componentclosest to the object of the first lens group is defined as f11, a focallength of an entire system is defined as f, a maximum diameter of thelight flux passing through the first lens group is defined as φmax, anda maximum diameter of the light flux passing through the diffractiveoptical surface is defined as φDOE:

2<f11/f<10.0

φDOE/φmax<0.5.

A fourth present invention provides a microscope objective lensincluding, in order from an object side: a first lens group withpositive refractive power; and a second lens group with negativerefractive power, wherein the first lens group includes a lens componentwith positive refractive power arranged closest to an object and adiffractive optical element including a diffractive optical surface withpositive refractive power, the diffractive optical element is arrangedat a location closer to the image than a position where a diameter of alight flux passing through the first lens group is the largest, andconditions of the following expressions are satisfied, in which a focallength of the lens component closest to the object of the first lensgroup is defined as f11, a focal length of an entire system is definedas f, a maximum diameter of the light flux passing through the firstlens group is defined as φmax, and a maximum diameter of the light fluxpassing through the diffractive optical surface is defined as φDOE:

1.2<f11/f<6.0 or 15.0<f11/f<19.0

φDOE/φmax<0.76.

A fifth present invention provides a microscope objective lensincluding, in order from an object side: a first lens group withpositive refractive power; and a second lens group with negativerefractive power, wherein the first lens group includes a diffractiveoptical element including a diffractive optical surface with positiverefractive power, the diffractive optical element is arranged at alocation closer to the image than a position where a diameter of a lightflux passing through the first lens group is the largest, and conditionsof the following expressions are satisfied, in which a focal length ofthe first lens group is defined as f1, a focal length of an entiresystem is defined as f, a maximum diameter of the light flux passingthrough the first lens group is defined as φmax, and a maximum diameterof the light flux passing through the diffractive optical surface isdefined as φDOE:

0.5≦f1/f≦3.0

φDOE/φmax<0.76.

Advantageous Effect of Invention

If the microscope objective lens according to the present invention isformed as described above, a microscope objective lens that sufficientlycorrects on-axis and off-axis chromatic aberrations and that has a longworking distance can be provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a first example.

FIG. 2 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the first example.

FIG. 3 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a second example.

FIG. 4 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the second example.

FIG. 5 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a third example.

FIG. 6 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the third example.

FIG. 7 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a fourth example.

FIG. 8 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the fourth example.

FIG. 9 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a fifth example.

FIG. 10 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the fifth example.

FIG. 11 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a sixth example.

FIG. 12 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the sixth example.

FIG. 13 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a seventh example.

FIG. 14 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the seventh example.

FIG. 15 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to an eighth example.

FIG. 16 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the eighth example.

FIG. 17 is a lens configuration diagram of a microscope objective lensaccording to a ninth example.

FIG. 18 is an aberrations diagram of the microscope objective lensaccording to the ninth example.

FIG. 19 is a lens configuration diagram of an imaging lens used with themicroscope objective lens.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the drawings. A configuration of amicroscope objective lens according to the present embodiments will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 1. A microscope objective lens OLincludes a first lens group with positive refractive power and a secondlens group with negative refractive power in order from an object side.

In the microscope objective lens OL, a first lens group G1 is a lensgroup for collecting a divergent light flux from an object to form aconvergent light flux. Therefore, the microscope objective lens OLincludes a lens component with positive refractive power closest to theobjective side (for example, positive meniscus lens L1 in FIG. 1,hereinafter called “first lens component L1”). The first lens group G1of the microscope objective lens OL includes a diffractive opticalelement GD for correcting a chromatic aberration. The diffractiveoptical element GD is arranged at a location closer to the image than aposition where the diameter of the light flux passing through the firstlens group G1 is the largest. The first lens group G1 includes at leastone cemented positive lens for correcting the chromatic aberration, andat least one of the cemented positive lenses is arranged on the objectside of the diffractive optical element GD. The first lens component L1may include a single lens or may include a cemented lens.

The diffractive optical element GD includes a diffractive opticalsurface D with a concentrically formed grating structure includingseveral to several hundred fine grooves or slits per 1 mm and has aproperty of diffracting light incident on the diffractive opticalsurface D in a direction determined by a grating pitch (spacing ofdiffraction grating grooves) and a wavelength of the incident light. Thediffractive optical element GD (diffractive optical surface D) has anegative dispersion value (Abbe number=−3.453 in the embodimentsdescribed later). Dispersion is large, and anomalous dispersibility(partial dispersion ratio (ng-nF)/(nF-nC)=0.2956 in the embodimentsdescribed later) is high. Therefore, the diffractive optical element GDhas powerful chromatic aberration correction capability. Although theAbbe number of an optical glass is usually about 30 to 80, the Abbenumber of the diffractive optical element is a negative value asdescribed above. In other words, the diffractive optical surface D ofthe diffractive optical element DG has dispersion characteristicsopposite of those of the normal glass (refractive optical element). Arefractive index decreases with a decrease in the wavelength of thelight, and light with a longer wavelength is bent more. Therefore, alarge achromatic effect can be attained by a combination with the normalrefractive optical element. As a result, the use of the diffractiveoptical element GD allows favorable correction of chromatic aberrationthat cannot be attained by the normal optical glass.

The diffractive optical element GD according to the present embodimentsis a so-called “contact multi-layered diffractive optical element”, inwhich two diffractive element factors (for example, optical members L7and L8 in FIG. 1) made of different optical materials are bonded, anddiffraction grating grooves are arranged on the bonded surface to formthe diffractive optical surface D. Therefore, the diffractive opticalelement GD can increase the diffraction efficiency in a wide wavelengthregion including a g line to a C line. As a result, the microscopeobjective lens OL according to the present embodiments can be used in awide wavelength region. When primary diffracted light is used in atransmission-type diffractive optical element, the diffractionefficiency indicates a ratio η of incident intensity I0 and intensity I1of the primary diffracted light (=I1/I0×100 [%]).

The contact multi-layered diffractive optical element can simplify themanufacturing process compared to a so-called separate multi-layereddiffractive optical element including two diffractive element factorswith diffraction grating grooves closely arranged so that thediffraction grating grooves face each other. Therefore, the contactmulti-layered diffractive optical element has advantages of excellentmass production efficiency and excellent diffraction efficiency relativeto an incident angle of a ray. As a result, the microscope objectivelens OL according to the present embodiments using the contactmulti-layered diffractive optical element facilitates the manufacturingand improves the diffraction efficiency.

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (1), wherein the maximum diameter ofthe light flux passing through the first lens group G1 is defined asφmax, and the maximum diameter of the light flux passing through thediffractive optical surface D (15th surface in FIG. 1) of thediffractive optical element GD is defined as φDOE.

φDOE/φmax<0.76  (1)

Conditional expression (1) indicates a condition of the maximumeffective diameter of the ray passing through the diffractive opticalsurface D of the diffractive optical element GD. If the diffractiveoptical element GD (diffractive optical surface D) is arranged at a partwith a large effective diameter, high-order spherical aberration andcoma aberration occur. Therefore, conditional expression (1) needs to besatisfied. An upper limit of conditional expression (1) can be set to0.5 to further attain the advantageous effect of the presentspecification.

A second lens group G2 is a lens group that converts a convergent lightflux exited from the first lens group G1 to a substantially parallellight flux. The second lens group G2 includes at least one cementednegative lens (for example, cemented negative lens CL21 in FIG. 1) forcorrecting the chromatic aberration. A lens surface closest to the imageof the second lens group G2 (for example, 24th surface in FIG. 1) isarranged to have a concave surface facing the image side. The light fluxincident on the second lens group G2 is a convergent light flux becausethe first lens group G1 has positive refractive power. The second lensgroup G2 receives the convergent light flux, and it is important toconvert the convergent light flux to a parallel light flux whilesuppressing the occurrence of the spherical aberration and the comaaberration. Therefore, the lens surface closest to the image of thesecond lens group G2 is a surface that bears a large part of thenegative refractive power of the second lens group G2. The formation ofthe surface by a concave surface on the image side can reduce theincident angle of the convergent ray relative to the final surface.Particularly, the occurrence of the high-order coma aberration and thelike can be accurately suppressed.

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (2), wherein the focal length of thesecond lens group G2 is defined as f2, and the focal length of theentire system of the microscope objective lens OL is defined as f.

0.65<(−f2)/f<2.0  (2)

Conditional expression (2) defines the focal length of the second lensgroup G2. If the focal length f2 of the second lens groups G2 is reducedbelow the lower limit of conditional expression (2), the curvature ofeach lens surface of the second lens group G2 increases too much. Thehigh-order coma aberration (coma aberration of color) occurs, and thecorrection becomes difficult. On the other hand, if the focal length f2of the second lens group G2 is increased above the upper limit ofconditional expression (2), the refractive power of the second lensgroup G2 is reduced. Therefore, the correction of the curvature of fieldand the coma aberration becomes insufficient.

In the microscope objective lens OL, if the position where the principalray and the optical axis intersect is closer to the object than the lenssurface closest to the image of the second lens group G2 (for example,24th surface of FIG. 1), the second lens group G2 can favorably correctthe curvature of field and the coma aberration.

Note that, in the microscope lens OL of FIG. 1, the principal ray of thelight flux emitted from the off-axis object point is limited by limitingthe ray emitted in a direction farthest from the optical axis in thelight flux emitted from the off-axis object by a intersection of the rayof the maximum numerical aperture (NA) emitted from the on-axis objectpoint and an appropriate lens surface in the first lens group G1 (forexample, surface of the lens L1 on the image side in FIG. 1 (2ndsurface)) and by limiting the ray emitted in a direction closest to theoptical axis by an intersection of the ray of the maximum numericalaperture emitted from the on-axis object point and an appropriate lenssurface in the second lens group G2 (for example, surface of the lensL14 on the object side in FIG. 1 (21st surface)) to determine theoff-axis light flux to determine the center ray of the off-axis lightflux.

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (3), wherein a distance on the opticalaxis from an object O (object-side focal surface of the microscopeobjective lens OL) to the lens surface closest to the object of thefirst lens group G1 (for example, 1st surface in FIG. 1) is defined asd0, and a distance on the optical axis from the object O to the lenssurface closest to the image of the entire system (for example, 24thsurface in FIG. 1) is defined as L.

0.1<d0/L<0.6  (3)

Conditional expression (3) defines the working distance of themicroscope objective lens OL according to the present embodiments. Ifthe value is below the lower limit of conditional expression (3), thedistance between the microscope objective lens OL and the object O istoo narrow. The operability of the microscope apparatus including themicroscope objective lens OL is degraded, and this is not preferable.The lower limit of conditional expression (3) can be set to 0.3 tofurther attain the advantageous effect of the present specification. Onthe other hand, if the value is above the upper limit of conditionalexpression (3), the space of the lens section (that is, space from thesurface closest to the object of the microscope objective lens OL to thesurface closest to the image) becomes insufficient. The number orthickness of the lenses that can be arranged is limited, and it isdifficult to correct the spherical aberration and the chromaticaberration.

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (4), wherein the focal length of thefirst lens component L1 as a lens component closest to the object of thefirst lens group G1 is defined as f11, and the focal length of theentire system of the microscope objective lens OL is defined as f.

1.2<f11/f<19.0  (4)

Conditional expression (4) defines the focal length of the first lenscomponent L1 included in the first lens group G1. If the focal lengthf11 of the first lens component L1 is reduced below the lower limit ofconditional expression (4), a high-order spherical aberration occurs,and it is difficult to secure the working distance. The lower limit ofconditional expression (4) can be set to 2 to further attain theadvantageous effect of the present specification. On the other hand, ifthe focal length f11 of the first lens component L1 is increased abovethe upper limit of conditional expression (4), it is easy to secure theworking distance. However, the diameter of the light flux passingthrough the first lens component L1 is increased, and subsequent lenscomponents cannot effectively convert the light flux to convergentlight. The load on the second lens group G2 increases, and favorablecorrection of the spherical aberration and the coma aberration becomesdifficult. The upper limit of conditional expression (4) can be set to10.0 to further attain the advantageous effect of the presentspecification. The microscope objective lens OL can further attain theadvantageous effect of the present specification by satisfying thefollowing conditional expression (4′) in place of conditional expression(4).

1.2<f11/f<6.0 or 15.0<f11<f<19.0  (4′)

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (5), wherein the focal length of thefirst lens group G1 is defined as f1, and the focal length of the entiresystem of the microscope objective lens OL is defined as f.

0.5≦f1/f≦3.5  (5)

Conditional expression (5) denotes a condition for correcting theaberration while securing a sufficient working distance. If the value isbelow the lower limit of conditional expression (5), the focal length f1of the first lens group G1 is short compared to the focal length f ofthe entire system, and it is difficult to correct the high-orderspherical aberration and coma aberration. On the other hand, if thevalue is above the upper limit of conditional expression (5), the focallength f1 of the first lens group G1 is long compared to the focallength f of the entire system. The convergence of the ray is notsufficient, and the total length becomes long. It is difficult to securethe sufficient working distance, and it is also difficult to secure theimage surface flatness. The upper limit of conditional expression (5)can be set to 3.0 to further attain the advantageous effect of thepresent specification.

In the microscope objective lens OL, it is desirable that at least oneof the cemented positive lenses included in the first lens group G1satisfies the following conditional expression (6), wherein the absolutevalue of the difference between the Abbe number of the medium of thepositive lens element and the Abbe number of the medium of the negativelens element of the cemented positive lens is defined as Δν_(d1). Ifthree or more lenses are bonded in the cemented positive lens, it isdesirable that one of the absolute values of the differences satisfiesconditional expression (6).

Δν_(d1)>40  (6)

Conditional expression (6) is related to correction of the longitudinalchromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification. Ifthe value is out of the range of conditional expression (6), theabsolute value of the difference between the Abbe numbers of thepositive lens and the negative lens included in the cemented positivelens that acts as an achromatic lens component is reduced, and theradius of curvature of the bonded surface needs to be reduced to attainthe same achromatic effect. As a result, even if the achromaticaberration on the axis can be corrected, high-order aberrations of otheraberrations occur, and the correction becomes difficult.

In the microscope objective lens OL, it is desirable that at least oneof the cemented negative lenses included in the second lens group G2satisfies the following conditional expression (7), wherein the absolutevalue of the difference between the Abbe number of the medium of thepositive lens element and the Abbe number of the medium of the negativelens element included in the cemented negative lens is defined asΔν_(d2). If three or more lenses are bonded in the cemented negativelens, it is desirable that one of the absolute values of the differencessatisfies conditional expression (7).

Δν_(d2)>30  (7)

Conditional expression (7) is related to correction of the longitudinalchromatic aberration, particularly, correction of the chromaticaberration of magnification. If the value is out of the range ofconditional expression (7), the radius of curvature of the bondedsurface of the cemented lens needs to be reduced, and the correction ofthe curvature of field and the coma aberration becomes difficult.

It is desirable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (8), wherein a marginal ray height ofthe lens surface closest to the object of the first lens group G1 (1stsurface) is defined as H, and an on-axis lens thickness of the firstlens component L1 as a lens component closest to the object of the firstlens group G1 is defined as d11.

2<H/d11<3.6  (8)

Conditional expression (8) is an expression that defines thickness ofthe first lens component L1 (on-axis lens thickness). To increase theworking distance, the thickness of the first lens component L1 of thefirst lens group G1 cannot be increased much, because the space forarranging the lenses would be limited. If the value is above the upperlimit of conditional expression (8), the incident height of the marginalray that enters the first lens component L1 is increased. Therefore,high-order spherical aberrations (spherical aberrations of color) occur,and correction of the aberrations by other lens components of the firstlens group G1 and lens components of the second lens group G2 becomesdifficult. On the other hand, if the value is below the lower limit ofconditional expression (8), the thickness of the first lens component L1becomes too thick. The space for arranging the lens components(including the diffractive optical element GD and the second lens groupG2) on the image side of the first lens component L1 is limited.Therefore, the degree of freedom in designing the lens components islost, and the aberration correction cannot be effectively performed.

It is preferable that the microscope objective lens OL satisfies thefollowing conditional expression (9), wherein the refractive indexrelative to the d line of the medium of the lens arranged closest to theobject (positive meniscus lens L1 in FIG. 1) is defined as n1. The powerof the lens surface closest to the object of the lens is defined as φ,in which the radius of curvature of the lens surface closest to theobject of the lens (1st surface) is defined as r. The effective radiusof the lens surface closest to the object of the lens arranged closestto the object is defined as H1.

0.05≦|φ×H1|≦0.35  (9)

Where φ=(n1−1)/r

Note that, in the microscope objective lens OL of FIG. 1, the effectiveradius H1 is determined by the outermost ray of the light fluxdetermined by limiting the ray emitted in a direction farthest from theoptical axis among the ray of the maximum numerical aperture emittedfrom the on-axis object point and the light flux emitted from theoff-axis object point by the intersection of the ray of the maximumnumerical aperture emitted from the on-axis object point and anappropriate lens surface in the first lens group G1 (for example,surface on the image side of the lens L1 in FIG. 1 (2nd surface)) and bylimiting the ray emitted in a direction closest to the optical axis bythe intersection of the ray of the maximum numerical aperture emittedfrom the on-axis object point and an appropriate lens surface of thesecond lens group G2 (for example, surface on the object side of thelens L14 in FIG. 1 (21st surface)).

Conditional expression (9) defines refractive power of the surface withnegative refractive power of the first lens group G1. If the value isbelow the lower limit of conditional expression (9), correction of thePetzval sum is difficult, and it is difficult to secure the imagesurface flatness up to a high angle of view. Furthermore, a sufficientlylong working distance cannot be secured. On the other hand, if the valueis above the upper value of conditional expression (9), the sphericalaberration and the coma aberration occur, and correction by a subsequentlens group is difficult.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, nine examples of the microscope objective lens OL accordingto the present embodiments will be illustrated. In each example, thephase difference of the diffractive optical surface D formed on thediffractive optical element GD is calculated by an ultra-high indexmethod executed using a normal refractive index and an asphericexpression (a) described later. A certain equivalence relationshipbetween an aspheric shape and a grating pitch of the diffractive opticalsurface is used in the ultra-high index method. In the present examples,the diffractive optical surface D is indicated by data of the ultra-highindex method, that is, the aspheric expression (a) described later andcoefficients of the expression. In the present examples, a d line, a Cline, an F line, and a g line are selected as targets of calculation ofthe aberration characteristics. Wavelengths of the d line, the C line,the F line, and the g line used in the present examples and values ofthe refractive index used for the calculation of the ultra-high indexmethod set for the spectral lines are illustrated in the following table1.

TABLE 1 Wavelength Refractive Index (based on ultra- high index method)d line 587.562 nm 10001.0000 C line 656.273 nm 11170.4255 F line 486.133nm 8274.7311 g line 435.835 nm 7418.6853

In the examples, the aspheric surface is expressed by the followingexpression (a), wherein the height in the direction perpendicular to theoptical axis is defined as y, the distance (amount of sag) along theoptical axis from the tangent plane of the apex of each aspheric surfaceat the height y to each aspheric surface is defined as S(y), the radiusof curvature (apex curvature radius) of the reference spherical surfaceis defined as r, the conic constant is defined as κ, and the asphericcoefficient of n-th order is defined as An. In the following examples,“E−n” denotes “×10^(−n)”.

S(y)=(y2/r)/{1+(1−κ×y2/r2)½}+A2×y ² ×A4×y ⁴ ×A6×y ⁶ ×A8×y ⁸ ×A10×y¹⁰  (a)

In each example, a * mark is attached to the right side of the surfacenumber in the table for a lens surface provided with the diffractiveoptical surface, and the aspheric expression (a) indicates parameters ofthe performance of the diffractive optical surface.

Microscope objective lenses OL1 to OL9 in the following examples areinfinity correction type lenses. The lenses have configurations shown inFIG. 19, and the lenses are used along with an imaging lens IL includingparameters shown in table 2. In table 2, a first column m denotes thenumber of each optical surface from the object side, a second column rdenotes the radius of curvature of each optical surface, a third columnd denotes the distance (surface spacing) on the optical axis from eachoptical surface to the next optical surface, a fourth column nd denotesthe refractive index relative to the d line, and a fifth column νddenotes the Abbe number. A refractive index 1.00000 of the air isomitted here. The description of the parameter table also applies to thefollowing examples.

TABLE 2 m r d nd νd 1 75.043 5.10 1.62280 57.0 2 −75.043 2.00 1.7495035.2 3 1600.580 7.50 4 50.256 5.10 1.66755 42.0 5 −84.541 1.80 1.6126644.4 6 36.911

The imaging lens IL includes, in order from the object side: a cementedlens formed by bonding a biconvex lens L21 and a biconcave lens L22; anda cemented lens formed by bonding a biconvex lens L23 and a biconcavelens L24.

First Example

FIG. 1 used in the description above illustrates a microscope objectivelens OL1 according to a first example. The microscope objective lens OL1includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a positive meniscus lens L1 with the concave surface facingthe object side; a cemented positive lens CL11 formed by bonding abiconvex lens L2 and a negative meniscus lens L3 with the concavesurface facing the object side; a biconvex lens L4; a cemented positivelens CL12 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L5, a biconcave lens L6, anda positive meniscus lens L7 with the convex surface facing the objectside; and a diffractive optical element GD in a plate shape. The secondlens group G2 includes, in order from the object side: a cementednegative lens CL21 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L12 and a biconcavelens L13; and a cemented negative lens CL22 formed by bonding abiconcave lens L14, a biconvex lens L15, and a biconcave lens L16. Thesurface closest to the image of the second lens group G2 (24th surface)is arranged to have a concave surface facing the image side. Asdescribed, the lens surfaces limiting the off-axis light flux thatdetermines the off-axis principal ray and the effective diameter in thepresent first example are the surface of the positive meniscus lens L1on the image side (2nd surface) and the surface of the biconcave lensL14 on the object side (21st surface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L8, twooptical members L9 and L10 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L11 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L9 and L10. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 3 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL1 accordingto the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. In table 3, f denotes thefocal length of the entire system, NA denotes the numerical aperture, βdenotes the magnification, φmax denotes the maximum diameter of thelight flux passing through the first lens group G1, φDOE denotes themaximum diameter of the light flux passing through the diffractiveoptical surface D of the diffractive optical element GD, d0 denotes thedistance on the optical axis from the object O to the apex of the lenssurface closest to the object of the first lens group G1 (1st surface ofthe first lens component L1), L denotes the distance on the optical axisfrom the object O to the apex of the lens surface closest to the imageof the microscope objective lens OL (24th surface), f1 denotes the focallength of the first lens group G1, f11 denotes the focal length of thelens component closest to the object of the first lens group G1 (firstlens component L1), f2 denotes the focal length of the second lens groupG2, H denotes the marginal ray height of the lens surface closest to theobject of the first lens group G1, d11 denotes the on-axis lensthickness of the first lens component L1 closest to the object of thefirst lens group G1, and H1 denotes the effective radius of the lenssurface closest to the object of the first lens group G1 (1st surface).The numbers of the optical surfaces shown in the first column m (* onthe right denotes the lens surface formed as a diffractive opticalsurface) correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 24 shown in FIG. 1. Inthe second column r, the radius of curvature 0.000 denotes a flatsurface. In the case of the diffractive optical surface, the secondcolumn r indicates the radius of curvature of the spherical surfaceserving as a reference of a base aspheric surface, and data used for theultra-high index method is indicated in the parameter table as asphericsurface data. Table 3 further indicates values corresponding toconditional expressions (1) to (9), that is, condition correspondingvalues. The description of the parameter table also applies to thefollowing examples.

The units of the radius of curvature r, the surface spacing d, the focallength F of the entire system, and the other lengths described in allparameters below are generally “mm” if not otherwise specified. However,the optical system can attain similar optical performance even if theoptical system is proportionately expanded or reduced. Therefore, theunit is not limited to “mm”, and other appropriate units can also beused.

TABLE 3 f = 4 NA = 0.4 β = 50x φmax = 21.08 φDOE = 10.52 d0 = 22.51 L =63.88 f1 = 13.24 f11 = 35.5 f2 = −5.1 H = 9.66 d11 = 3.40 H1 = 9.66 m rd nd νd  1 −120.028 3.40 1.69680 55.5  2 −20.743 0.15  3 37.941 5.351.49782 82.5  4 −21.400 1.00 1.72046 34.7  5 −39.959 0.15  6 24.558 3.701.60300 65.5  7 −143.315 0.15  8 16.120 4.35 1.49782 82.5  9 −47.3541.00 1.80440 39.6 10 9.766 3.20 1.49782 82.5 11 38.999 1.20 12 0.0002.50 1.51680 64.1 13 0.000 0.06 1.52760 34.7 14 0.000 0.00 10001.00000−3.5 15* 0.000 0.06 1.55690 50.2 16 0.000 3.00 1.51680 64.1 17 0.0000.20 18 7.350 2.80 1.49782 82.5 19 −42.071 1.00 1.80440 39.6 20 7.1513.90 21 −10.484 0.90 1.72916 54.7 22 5.488 2.40 1.74077 27.8 23 −3.4610.90 1.62374 47.0 24 5.396 Diffractive Optical Surface Data 15th Surfaceκ = 1.0000 A2 = −5.55556E−08 A4 = −9.09401E−14 A6 = −3.06886E−12 A8 =1.72870E−15 A10 = 0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1)φDOE/φmax = 0.499 (2) (−f2)/f = 1.275 (3) d0/L = 0.352 (4) f11/f = 8.875(5) f1/f = 3.31 (6) Δν_(d1) = 47.8 (7) Δν_(d2) = 42.9 (8) H/d11 = 2.84(9) |φ × H1| = 0.056

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 3, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L12 and the biconcave lensL13 included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 of conditionalexpression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of the positivemeniscus lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the first example.

FIG. 2 shows aberration diagrams of the spherical aberration, theastigmatism, the lateral chromatic aberration, and the coma aberrationfrom the rays of the d line, the C line, the F line, and the g lineaccording to the first example. Among the aberration diagrams, thespherical aberration diagram indicates an amount of aberration from thenumerical aperture NA, and the astigmatism diagram and the lateralchromatic aberration diagram indicates amounts of aberration from theimage height Y. In the spherical aberration diagram, the lateralchromatic aberration diagram, and the coma aberration diagram, a solidindicates the d line, a dotted line indicates the C line, an alternatelong and short dash line indicates the F line, and an alternate long andtwo short dashes line denotes the g line. In the astigmatism diagram, asolid line indicates a sagittal image surface relative to the ray ofeach wavelength, and a broken line indicates a meridional image surfacerelative to the ray of each wavelength. The description of theaberration diagrams applies to the following examples. The comaaberration diagrams of the present first example to a fifth exampleindicate amounts of aberrations when the image height Y is 12.5 mm, 9.0mm, 6.0 mm, and 0 mm. As is clear from each aberration diagram shown inFIG. 2, it can be recognized that the aberrations are favorablycorrected in the first example and excellent imaging performance issecured.

Second Example

A microscope objective lens OL2 shown in FIG. 3 will be described as asecond embodiment. The microscope objective lens OL2 shown in FIG. 3also includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a positive meniscus lens L1 with the concave surface facingthe object side; a cemented positive lens CL11 formed by bonding abiconvex lens L2 and a negative meniscus lens L3 with the concavesurface facing the object side; a biconvex lens L4; a cemented positivelens CL12 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L5, a biconcave lens L6, anda positive meniscus lens L7 with the convex surface facing the objectside; a cemented positive lens CL13 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L8and a biconcave lens L9; and a diffractive optical element GD in a plateshape. The second lens group G2 includes a cemented negative lens CL21formed by bonding a biconcave lens L14, a biconvex lens L15, and abiconcave lens L16 in order from the object side. The surface closest tothe image of the second lens group G2 (24th surface) is arranged to havea concave surface facing the image side. As described, the lens surfaceslimiting the off-axis light flux that determines the off-axis principalray and the effective diameter in the present second embodiment are thesurface on the image side of the positive meniscus lens L1 (2nd surface)and the surface on the object side of the biconcave lens L14 (21stsurface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L10, twooptical members L11 and L12 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L13 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L11 and L12. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 4 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL2 accordingto the second example shown in FIG. 3. The surface numbers shown intable 4 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 24 shown in FIG. 3.

TABLE 4 f = 4 NA = 0.45 β = 50x φmax = 22.97 φDOE = 8.39 d0 = 21.2 L =63.95 f1 = 11.419 f11 = 35.8 f2 = −6.1 H = 10.43 d11 = 3.00 H1 = 10.43 mr d nd νd  1 −106.833 3.00 1.75500 52.3  2 −21.821 0.10  3 32.607 6.001.49782 82.5  4 −23.000 1.20 1.74951 35.3  5 −37.029 0.20  6 36.370 3.201.60300 65.5  7 −194.801 0.20  8 19.708 5.00 1.49782 82.5  9 −30.3071.15 1.65412 39.7 10 9.380 3.80 1.49782 82.5 11 48.468 0.20 12 11.4463.60 1.62280 57.0 13 −32.624 1.00 1.90265 35.7 14 12.481 1.30 15 0.0001.50 1.51680 64.1 16 0.000 0.20 1.52760 34.7 17 0.000 0.00 10001.00000−3.5 18* 0.000 0.20 1.55690 50.2 19 0.000 2.00 1.51680 64.1 20 0.0005.20 21 −7.695 1.00 1.67003 47.3 22 8.600 1.80 1.75520 27.5 23 −3.6000.90 1.61720 54.0 24 5.471 Diffractive Optical Surface Data 18th Surfaceκ = 1.0000 A2 = −9.09091E−08 A4 = −1.17370E−13 A6 = −5.03090E−12 A8 =4.70330E−14 A10 = 0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1)φDOE/φmax = 0.365 (2) (−f2)/f = 1.525 (3) d0/L = 0.332 (4) f11/f = 8.95(5) f1/f = 2.855 (6) Δν_(d1) = 47.2 (7) Δν_(d2) = 26.5 (8) H/d11 = 3.48(4) |φ × H1| = 0.074

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 4, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L15 and the biconcave lensL16 included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 of conditionalexpression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of the positivemeniscus lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (6), (8), and (9) aresatisfied in the second example. FIG. 4 shows aberration diagrams of thespherical aberration, the astigmatism, the lateral chromatic aberration,and the coma aberration from the rays of the d line, the C line, the Fline, and the g line according to the second example. As is clear fromeach aberration diagram shown in FIG. 4, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the second example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

Third Example

A microscope objective lens OL3 shown in FIG. 5 will be described as athird example. The microscope objective lens OL3 shown in FIG. 5 alsoincludes, in order from the object side, the first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and the second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a positive meniscus lens L1 with the concave surface facingthe object side; a cemented lens CL11 formed by bonding a biconvex lensL2 and a negative meniscus lens L3 with the concave surface facing theobject side; a cemented lens CL12 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L4,a biconcave lens L5, and a biconvex lens L6; a cemented lens CL13 formedby bonding a negative meniscus lens L7 with the convex surface facingthe object side, a biconvex lens L8, and a biconcave lens L9; and adiffractive optical element GD in a plate shape. The second lens groupG2 includes a cemented negative lens CL21 formed by bonding a positivemeniscus lens L14 with the concave surface facing the object side and abiconcave lens L15 in order from the object side. The surface closest tothe image of the second lens group G2 (22nd surface) is arranged to havea concave surface facing the image side. As described, the lens surfaceslimiting the off-axis light flux that determines the off-axis principalray and the effective diameter in the present third embodiment are thesurface on the image side of the positive meniscus lens L1 (2nd surface)and the surface on the object side of the biconcave lens L14 (20thsurface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L10, twooptical members L11 and L12 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L13 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L11 and L12. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 5 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL3 accordingto the third example shown in FIG. 5. The surface numbers shown in table5 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 22 shown in FIG. 5.

TABLE 5 f = 4 NA = 0.40 β = 50x φmax = 18.93 φDOE = 7.53 d0 = 20.5 L =64.3 f1 = 11.435 f11 = 31.5 f2 = −7.7 H = 8.7 d11 = 2.9 H1 = 8.7 m r dnd νd  1 −65.565 2.90 1.72916 54.7  2 −17.326 0.20  3 22.922 5.001.49782 82.5  4 −22.000 1.20 1.74950 35.3  5 −35.440 0.20  6 22.360 5.001.49782 82.5  7 −30.745 1.00 1.74400 44.8  8 13.432 4.50 1.60300 65.5  9−256.938 0.20 10 10.728 1.20 1.76684 46.8 11 6.480 5.50 1.49782 82.5 12−15.658 1.00 1.77250 49.6 13 18.157 1.00 14 0.000 2.00 1.51680 64.1 150.000 0.20 1.55690 50.2 16 0.000 0.00 10001.00000 −3.5 17* 0.000 0.201.52760 34.7 18 0.000 2.00 1.51680 64.1 19 0.000 8.00 20 −12.850 1.701.80518 25.4 21 −3.896 0.80 1.60300 65.5 22 5.227 Diffractive OpticalSurface Data 17th Surface κ = 1.0000 A2 = −6.25000E−08. A4 = 3.43765E−11A6 = −5.81951E−19 A8 = −3.38276E−20 A10 = 0.00000E+00 ConditionCorresponding Values (1) φDOE/φmax = 0.398 (2) (−f2)/f = 1.925 (3) d0/L= 0.319 (4) f11/f = 7.875 (5) f1/f = 2.859 (6) Δν_(d1) = 47.2 (7)Δν_(d2) = 40.1 (8) H/d11 = 3.00 (9) |φ × H1| = 0.097

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 5, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the positive meniscus lens L14 and thebiconcave lens L15 included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 ofconditional expression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of thepositive meniscus lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ ofconditional expression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In thisway, it can be recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) areall satisfied in the third example. FIG. 6 shows aberration diagrams ofthe spherical aberration, the astigmatism, the lateral chromaticaberration, and the coma aberration from the rays of the d line, the Cline, the F line, and the g line according to the third example. As isclear from each aberration diagram shown in FIG. 6, it can be recognizedthat the aberrations are favorably corrected in the third example andexcellent imaging performance is secured.

Fourth Example

A microscope objective lens OL4 shown in FIG. 7 will be described as afourth example. The microscope objective lens OL4 shown in FIG. 7 alsoincludes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a positive meniscus lens L1 with the concave surface facingthe object side; a plano-convex lens L2 with the flat surface facing theobject side; a cemented lens CL11 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L3and a negative meniscus lens L4 with the concave surface facing theobject side; a cemented lens CL12 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L5,a biconcave lens L6, and a biconvex lens L7; a cemented lens CL13 formedby bonding a biconvex lens L8 and a biconcave lens L9; and a diffractiveoptical element GD in a plate shape. The second lens group G2 includes,in order from the object side: a cemented negative lens CL21 formed bybonding a negative meniscus lens L14 with the convex surface facing theobject side, a biconvex lens 15, and a biconcave lens L16; and acemented negative lens CL22 formed by bonding a biconcave lens L17, abiconvex lens L18, and a biconcave lens L19. The surface closest to theimage of the second lens group G2 (29th surface) is arranged to have aconcave surface facing the image side. As described, the lens surfaceslimiting the off-axis light flux that determines the off-axis principalray and the effective diameter in the present fourth example are thesurface of the positive meniscus lens L1 on the image side (2nd surface)and the surface of the biconcave lens L17 on the object side (25thsurface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L10, twooptical members L11 and L12 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L13 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L11 and L12. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 6 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL4 accordingto the fourth example shown in FIG. 7. The surface numbers shown inTable 6 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 28 shown in FIG. 7.

TABLE 6 f = 2 NA = 0.60 β = 100x φmax = 20.98 φDOE = 11.32 d0 = 12.18 L= 63.9 f1 = 11.633 f11 = 37.5 f2 = −3.5 H = 7.8 d11 = 3.2 H1 = 7.8 m r dnd νd  1 −17.818 3.20 1.72916 54.6  2 −11.600 0.10  3 0.000 4.00 1.5690771.3  4 −20.743 0.10  5 45.256 5.90 1.49782 82.6  6 −19.170 1.20 1.6134044.3  7 −39.808 0.10  8 29.510 4.60 1.49782 82.6  9 −33.847 1.20 1.6134044.3 10 13.735 4.70 1.49782 82.6 11 −80.931 0.20 12 15.833 3.90 1.4978282.6 13 −38.548 1.00 1.72342 38.0 14 38.548 1.20 15 0.000 2.50 1.5168063.9 16 0.000 0.06 1.52760 34.7 17 0.000 0.00 10001.00000 −3.5 18* 0.0000.06 1.55690 50.2 19 0.000 3.00 1.51680 63.9 20 0.000 0.20 21 8.410 1.301.69350 53.2 22 4.811 3.50 1.43425 95.0 23 −20.594 1.00 1.67270 32.2 246.950 4.20 25 0.000 1.00 26 −10.080 1.00 1.78800 47.4 27 11.276 1.801.84666 23.8 28 −3.092 0.70 1.69350 53.2 29 4.719 Diffractive OpticalSurface Data 18th Surface κ = 0.0000 A2 = −4.11668E−08. A4 =−8.52212E−11 A6 = −7.60013E−14 A8 = −3.05264E−17 A10 = 0.00000E+00Condition Corresponding Values (1) φDOE/φmax = 0.540 (2) (−f2)/f = 1.75(3) d0/L = 0.191 (4) f11/f = 18.75 (5) f1/f = 5.817 (6) Δν_(d1) = 44.6(7) Δν_(d2) = 62.8 (8) H/d11 = 2.44 (9) |φ × H1| = 0.319

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 6, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L8 and the biconcave lensL9 included in the cemented positive lens CL13, Δν_(d2) of conditionalexpression (7) denotes the absolute value of the difference between theAbbe numbers of the biconvex lens L15 and the biconcave lens L16included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 of conditionalexpression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of the positivemeniscus lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the fourth example. FIG. 8 shows aberration diagrams of the sphericalaberration, the astigmatism, the lateral chromatic aberration, and thecoma aberration from the rays of the d line, the C line, the F line, andthe g line according to the fourth example. As is clear from eachaberration diagram shown in FIG. 8, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the fourth example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

Fifth Example

A microscope objective lens OL5 shown in FIG. 9 will be described as afifth example. The microscope objective OL5 shown in FIG. 9 alsoincludes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a positive meniscus lens L1 with the concave surface facingthe object side; a positive meniscus lens L2 with the concave surfacefacing the object side; a cemented lens CL11 formed by bonding abiconvex lens L3, a biconcave lens L4, and a biconvex lens L5; acemented lens CL12 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L6 and a negativemeniscus lens L7 with the concave surface facing the object side; acemented lens CL13 formed by bonding a biconvex lens L8 and a biconcavelens L9; and a diffractive optical element GD in a plate shape. Thesecond lens group G2 includes, in order from the object side: a cementednegative lens CL21 formed by bonding a negative meniscus lens L14 withthe convex surface facing the object side, a biconvex lens L15, and abiconcave lens L16; and a cemented negative lens CL22 formed by bondinga biconcave lens L17, a biconvex lens L18, and a biconcave lens L19. Thesurface closest to the image of the second lens group G2 (29th surface)is arranged to have a concave surface facing the image side. Asdescribed, the lens surfaces limiting the off-axis light flux thatdetermines the off-axis principal ray and the effective diameter in thepresent fifth example are the surface of the positive meniscus lens L1on the image side (2nd surface) and the surface of the biconcave lensL17 on the object side (25th surface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L10, twooptical members L11 and L12 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L13 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L11 and L12. More specifically, thediffractive optical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractiveoptical element.

Table 7 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL5 accordingto the fifth example shown in FIG. 9. The surface numbers shown in table7 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 28 shown in FIG. 9.

TABLE 7 f = 2 NA = 0.60 β = 100x φmax = 20.79 φDOE = 11.88 d0 = 12.18 L= 63.7 f1 = 11.76 f11 = 33.7 f2 = −3.8 H = 7.86 d11 = 3.2 H1 = 7.86 m rd nd νd  1 −19.000 3.20 1.72916 54.6  2 −11.479 0.10  3 −500.000 3.801.59240 68.3  4 −22.632 0.10  5 30.812 5.00 1.49782 82.6  6 −46.563 1.201.61340 44.3  7 26.659 5.00 1.49782 82.6  8 −35.040 0.10  9 38.948 5.301.60300 65.4 10 −18.566 1.20 1.72342 37.9 11 −618.196 0.20 12 18.2333.80 1.49782 82.6 13 −45.081 1.00 1.72342 38.0 14 35.407 1.20 15 0.0002.50 1.51680 63.9 16 0.000 0.06 1.52760 34.7 17 0.000 0.00 10001.00000−3.5 18* 0.000 0.06 1.55690 50.2 19 0.000 3.00 1.51680 63.9 20 0.0000.20 21 7.371 1.30 1.69350 53.2 22 4.721 3.50 1.43425 95.0 23 −19.1331.00 1.64769 33.7 24 6.922 4.20 25 0.000 1.00 26 −8.906 1.00 1.8044039.6 27 8.297 1.80 1.84666 23.8 28 −2.816 0.70 1.69350 53.2 29 4.255Diffractive Optical Surface Data 18th Surface κ = 0.0000 A2 =−6.66667E−08. A4 = 8.55266E−12 A6 = −7.13250E−14 A8 = 8.32008E−18 A10 =0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1) φDOE/φmax = 0.571 (2)(−f2)/f = 1.9 (3) d0/L = 0.191 (4) f11/f = 16.85 (5) f1/f = 5.88 (6)Δν_(d1) = 44.6 (7) Δν_(d2) = 61.3 (8) H/d11 = 2.46 (9) |φ × H1| = 0.302

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 7, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L8 and the biconcave lensL9 included in the cemented positive lens CL13, Δν_(d2) of conditionalexpression (7) denotes the absolute value of the difference between theAbbe numbers of the biconvex lens L15 and the biconcave lens L16included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 of conditionalexpression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of the positivemeniscus lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the fifth example. FIG. 10 shows aberration diagrams of the sphericalaberration, the astigmatism, the lateral chromatic aberration, and thecoma aberration from the rays of the d line, the C line, the F line, andthe g line according to the fifth example. As is clear from eachaberration diagram shown in FIG. 10, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the fifth example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

Sixth Example

A microscope objective lens OL6 shown in FIG. 11 will be described as asixth example. The microscope objective lens OL6 also includes, in orderfrom the object side, a first lens group G1 with positive refractivepower and a second lens group G2 with negative refractive power. Thefirst lens group G1 includes, in order from the object side: a biconvexlens L1; a cemented positive lens CL11 formed by bonding a negativemeniscus lens L2 with the convex surface facing the object side and abiconvex lens L3; a cemented positive lens CL12 formed by bonding abiconvex lens L4 and a negative meniscus lens L5 with the concavesurface facing the object side; and a diffractive optical element GDwith positive refractive power. The second lens group G2 includes, inorder from the object side: a cemented negative lens CL21 formed bybonding a biconvex lens L10 and a biconcave lens L11; and a cementednegative lens CL22 formed by bonding a positive meniscus lens L12 withthe concave surface facing the object side and a biconcave lens L13. Thesurface closest to the image of the second lens group G2 (20th surface)is arranged to have a concave surface facing the image side. Asdescribed, the lens surfaces limiting the off-axis light flux thatdetermines the off-axis principal ray and the effective diameter in thepresent sixth embodiment are the surface of the biconvex lens L1 on theimage side (2nd surface) and the surface of the positive meniscus lensL12 on the object side (18th surface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L6, twooptical members L7 and L8 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L9 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L7 and L8. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 8 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL6 accordingto the sixth example shown in FIG. 11.

TABLE 8 f = 10 NA = 0.30 β = 20x φmax = 19.98 φDOE = 13.56 d0 = 30.66 L= 63.56 f1 = 15.1 f11 = 31.15 f2 = −8.1 H = 9.84 d11 = 3.60 H1 = 9.84 mr d nd νd  1 82.361 3.60 1.713 54.0  2 −29.860 0.20  3 27.256 1.00 1.78525.6  4 16.780 4.90 1.498 82.6  5 −66.292 0.20  6 18.895 4.90 1.498 82.6 7 −26.174 1.00 1.801 34.9  8 −289.941 0.50  9 0.000 2.80 1.517 63.9 100.000 0.10 1.557 50.2 11 0.000 0.00 10001.000 −3.5 12* 0.000 0.10 1.52834.7 13 0.000 2.80 1.517 63.9 14 0.000 0.80 15 11.035 2.90 1.548 45.5 16−80.027 1.00 1.804 46.6 17 8.351 3.30 18 −12.767 1.80 1.847 23.8 19−6.601 1.00 1.564 60.7 20 9.751 Diffractive Optical Surface Data 12thSurface κ = 1.0000 A2 = −5.50000E−08 A4 = 3.45643E−10 A6 = −6.04217E−12A8 = 4.24525E−14 A10 = 0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1)φDOE/φmax = 0.679 (2) (−f2)/f = 0.809 (3) d0/L = 0.481 (4) f11/f = 3.12(5) f1/f = 1.51 (6) Δν_(d1) = 56.93 (7) Δν_(d2) = 36.91 (8) H/d11 = 2.73(9) |φ × H1| = 0.085

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 8, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the negative meniscus lens L2 and thebiconvex lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the negative meniscus lens L12 and thebiconcave lens L13 included in the cemented negative lens CL22, d11 ofconditional expression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of thebiconvex lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the sixth example. FIG. 12 shows aberration diagrams of the sphericalaberration, the astigmatism, the distortion, the lateral chromaticaberration, and the coma aberration from the rays of the d line, the Cline, the F line, and the g line of the microscope objective lens OL6according to the sixth example. The coma aberrations of the presentsixth example to a ninth example indicate amounts of aberrations whenthe image height Y is 12.5 mm, 10.0 mm, 6.5 mm, 4.0 mm, and 0.0 mm. Asis clear from each aberration diagram shown in FIG. 12, it can berecognized that the aberrations are favorably corrected in the sixthexample and excellent imaging performance is secured.

Seventh Example

A microscope objective lens OL7 shown in FIG. 13 will be described as aseventh example. The microscope objective lens OL7 shown in FIG. 13 alsoincludes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a biconvex lens L1; a cemented positive lens CL11 formed bybonding a biconvex lens L2 and a negative meniscus lens L3 with theconcave surface facing the object side; a positive meniscus lens L4 withthe convex surface facing the object side; and a diffractive opticalelement GD with positive refractive power. The second lens group G2includes a cemented negative lens CL21 formed by bonding a positivemeniscus lens L9 with the concave surface facing the object side and abiconcave lens L10, in order from object side. The surface closest tothe image of the second lens group G2 (16th surface) is arranged to havea concave surface facing the image side. As described, the lens surfaceslimiting the off-axis light flux that determines the off-axis principalray and the effective diameter in the present seventh example are thesurface of the biconvex lens L1 on the image side (2nd surface) and thesurface of the biconcave lens L10 on the image side (16th surface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L5, twooptical members L6 and L7 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L8 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L6 and L7. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is also a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement.

Table 9 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL7 accordingto the seventh example shown in FIG. 13. The surface numbers shown inTable 9 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 16 shown in FIG. 13.

TABLE 9 f = 20 NA = 0.2 β = 10x φmax = 15.78 φDOE = 11.86 d0 = 37.68 L =63.43 f1 = 16.54 f11 = 29.13 f2 = −14.11 H = 7.85 d11 = 3.00 H1 = 7.85 mr d nd νd  1 48.798 3.00 1.697 55.5  2 −33.895 0.20  3 37.001 3.40 1.60365.4  4 −26.530 1.10 1.847 23.8  5 −212.805 0.20  6 24.500 3.30 1.51763.9  7 116.697 0.70  8 0.000 2.80 1.517 63.9  9 0.000 0.10 1.557 50.210 0.000 0.00 10001.000 −3.5 11* 0.000 0.10 1.528 34.7 12 0.000 2.801.517 63.9 13 0.000 3.05 14 −23.277 3.50 1.805 25.5 15 −11.689 1.501.620 60.3 16 12.655 Diffractive Optical Surface Data 11th Surface κ =1.0000 A2 = −4.93877E−08 A4 = 3.00805E−12 A6 = −3.35037E−19 A8 =−1.66824E−15 A10 = 0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1)φDOE/φmax = 0.752 (2) (−f2)/f = 0.706 (3) d0/L = 0.594 (4) f11/f = 1.46(5) f1/f = 0.827 (6) Δν_(d1) = 41.6 (7) Δν_(d2) = 34.8 (8) H/d11 = 2.62(9) |φ × H1| = 0.112

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 9, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the positive meniscus lens L9 and thebiconcave lens L10 included in the cemented negative lens CL12, d11 ofconditional expression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of thebiconvex lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the seventh example. FIG. 14 shows aberration diagrams of thespherical aberration, the astigmatism, the distortion, the lateralchromatic aberration, and the coma aberration of the microscopeobjective lens OL7 according to the seventh example. As is clear fromeach aberration diagram shown in FIG. 14, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the seventh example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

Eighth Example

A microscope objective lens OL8 shown in FIG. 15 will be described as aneighth example. A microscope objective lens OL8 shown in FIG. 15 alsoincludes, in order from the object side, a first lens group G1 withpositive refractive power and a second lens group G2 with negativerefractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in order from theobject side: a biconvex lens L1; a cemented positive lens CL11 formed bybonding a biconvex lens L2 and a negative meniscus lens L3 with theconcave surface facing the object side; a cemented positive lens CL12formed by bonding a negative meniscus lens L4 with the convex surfacefacing the object side and a positive meniscus lens L5 with the convexsurface facing the object side; a cemented negative lens CL13 formed bybonding a biconvex lens L6 and a biconcave lens L7; and a diffractiveoptical element GD with positive refractive power. The second lens groupG2 includes a cemented negative lens CL21 formed by bonding a positivemeniscus lens L12 with the concave surface facing the object side and abiconcave lens L13 in order from the object side. The surface closest tothe image of the second lens group G2 (20th surface) is arranged to havea concave surface facing the image side. As described, the lens surfaceslimiting the off-axis light flux that determines the off-axis principalray and the effective diameter in the present eighth example are thesurface of the biconvex lens L1 on the image side (2nd surface) and thesurface of the positive meniscus lens L12 on the object side (18thsurface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L8, twooptical members L9 and L10 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L11 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L9 and L10. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is also a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement. Furthermore,

Table 10 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL8 accordingto the eighth example shown in FIG. 15. The surface numbers shown inTable 10 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 20 shown in FIG. 15.

TABLE 10 f = 10 NA = 0.3 β = 20x φmax = 19.9 φDOE = 8.82 d0 = 30.6 L =63.7 f1 = 14.49 f11 = 33.43 f2 = −10.27 H = 9.78 d11 = 3.68 H1 = 9.78 mr d nd νd  1 98.000 3.68 1.620 60.3  2 −25.930 0.15  3 30.731 5.25 1.49882.5  4 −22.767 1.00 1.717 29.5  5 −53.014 0.15  6 15.006 1.00 1.80433.9  7 10.412 5.00 1.498 82.5  8 94.868 0.20  9 12.450 3.55 1.498 82.510 −62.164 1.00 1.729 54.7 11 10.750 2.20 12 0.000 2.00 1.517 64.1 130.000 0.06 1.557 50.2 14 0.000 0.00 10001.000 −3.5 15* 0.000 0.06 1.52834.7 16 0.000 3.00 1.517 64.1 17 0.000 1.80 18 −15.000 2.00 1.847 23.819 −6.739 1.00 1.640 60.1 20 9.369 Diffractive Optical Surface Data 15thSurface κ = 1.0000 A2 = −5.70000E−08 A4 = 1.01149E−09 A6 = −4.05811E−11A8 = 4.84818E−13 A10 = 0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1)φDOE/φmax = 0.443 (2) (−f2)/f = 1.027 (3) d0/L = 0.48 (4) f11/f = 3.343(5) f1/f = 1.449 (6) Δν_(d1) = 53.0 (7) Δν_(d2) = 36.31 (8) H/d11 = 2.66(9) |φ × H1| = 0.062

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 10, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the positive meniscus lens L12 and thebiconcave lens L13 included in the cemented negative lens CL21, d11 ofconditional expression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness of thebiconvex lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ of conditionalexpression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In this way, it canbe recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (9) are all satisfiedin the eighth example. FIG. 16 shows aberration diagrams of thespherical aberration, the astigmatism, the distortion, the lateralchromatic aberration, and the coma aberration of the microscopeobjective lens OL8 according to the eighth example. As is clear fromeach aberration diagram shown in FIG. 16, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the eighth example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

Ninth Example

Lastly, a microscope objective lens OL9 shown in FIG. 17 will bedescribed as a ninth example. The microscope objective lens OL9 shown inFIG. 17 also includes, in order from the object side, a first lens groupG1 with positive refractive power and a second lens group G2 withnegative refractive power. The first lens group G1 includes, in orderfrom the object side: a biconvex lens L1; a cemented positive lens CL11formed by bonding a biconvex lens L2 and a negative meniscus lens L3with the concave surface facing the object side; a cemented positivelens CL12 formed by bonding a negative meniscus lens L4 with the convexsurface facing the object side and a positive meniscus lens L5 with theconvex surface facing the object side; a cemented negative lens CL13formed by bonding a biconvex lens L6 and a biconcave lens L7; and adiffractive optical element GD with positive refractive power. Thesecond lens group G2 includes a cemented negative lens CL21 formed bybonding a negative meniscus lens L12 with the concave surface facing theobject side, a positive meniscus lens L13 with the concave surfacefacing the object side, and a biconcave lens L14 in order from theobject side. The surface closest to the image of the second lens groupG2 (21st surface) is arranged to have a concave surface facing the imageside. As described, the lens surfaces limiting the off-axis light fluxthat determines the off-axis principal ray and the effective diameter inthe present ninth example are the surface of the biconvex lens L1 on theimage side (2nd surface) and the surface of the negative meniscus lensL12 on the object side (18th surface).

In the diffractive optical element GD, a planar optical glass L8, twooptical members L9 and L10 formed by different resin materials, and aplanar optical glass L11 are bonded in this order, and diffractiongrating grooves (diffractive optical surface D) are formed on the bondedsurface of the optical members L9 and L10. Therefore, the diffractiveoptical element GD is also a contact multi-layered diffractive opticalelement. Furthermore,

Table 11 shows parameters of the microscope objective lens OL9 accordingto the ninth example shown in FIG. 17. The surface numbers shown intable 11 correspond to the surface numbers 1 to 21 shown in FIG. 17.

TABLE 11 f = 10 NA = 0.3 β = 20x φmax = 20.08 φDOE = 9.24 d0 = 31.35 L =63.45 f1 = 14.6 f11 = 34.88 f2 = −9.19 H = 9.88 d11 = 2.80 H1 = 9.88 m rd nd νd  1 767.339 2.80 1.767 46.8  2 −27.673 0.15  3 17.748 5.80 1.49882.5  4 −39.401 1.10 1.795 28.7  5 −152.771 0.15  6 18.584 1.00 1.79528.7  7 10.258 4.80 1.498 82.5  8 79.110 0.20  9 14.416 3.50 1.498 82.510 −30.192 1.00 1.697 55.5 11 18.289 1.50 12 0.000 2.00 1.517 64.1 130.000 0.20 1.557 50.2 14 0.000 0.00 10001.000 −3.5 15* 0.000 0.20 1.52834.7 16 0.000 2.00 1.517 64.1 17 0.000 2.20 18 −13.092 0.90 1.670 57.319 −34.212 1.80 1.847 23.8 20 −6.599 0.80 1.694 53.2 21 9.839Diffractive Optical Surface Data 15th Surface κ = 1.0000 A2 =6.25000E−08 A4 = 3.55000E−14 A6 = −3.14000E−16 A8 = 2.13000E−19 A10 =0.00000E+00 Condition Corresponding Values (1) φDOE/φmax = 0.460 (2)(−f2)/f = 0.919 (3) d0/L = 0.494 (4) f11/f = 3.488 (5) f1/f = 1.46 (6)Δν_(d1) = 53.83 (7) Δν_(d2) = 33.56 (8) H/d11 = 3.53 (9) |φ × H1| =0.010

Among the condition corresponding values shown in table 11, Δν_(d1) ofconditional expression (6) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the biconvex lens L2 and the negativemeniscus lens L3 included in the cemented positive lens CL11, Δν_(d2) ofconditional expression (7) denotes the absolute value of the differencebetween the Abbe numbers of the negative meniscus lens L12 and thepositive meniscus lens L13 included in the cemented negative lens CL21,d11 of conditional expression (8) denotes the on-axis lens thickness ofthe biconvex lens L1 (surface spacing of 1st surface), and φ ofconditional expression (9) denotes the power of the 1st surface. In thisway, it can be recognized that conditional expressions (1) to (8) aresatisfied in the ninth example. FIG. 18 shows aberration diagrams of thespherical aberration, the astigmatism, the distortion, the lateralchromatic aberration, and the coma aberration of the microscopeobjective lens OL9 according to the ninth example. As is clear from eachaberration diagram shown in FIG. 18, it can be recognized that theaberrations are favorably corrected in the ninth example and excellentimaging performance is secured.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   OL (OL1 to OL9) microscope objective lens-   G1 first lens group G2 second lens group-   GD diffractive optical element-   CL11 cemented positive lens-   CL21 cemented negative lens

1. A microscope objective lens comprising, in order from an object side:a first lens group with positive refractive power; and a second lensgroup with negative refractive power, wherein the first lens groupcomprises a diffractive optical element including a diffractive opticalsurface, and a condition 0.3<d0/L<0.6 is satisfied, in which a distanceon an optical axis from the object to an apex of a lens surface closestto the object of the first lens group is defined as d0, and a distanceon the optical axis from the object to an apex of a lens surface closestto an image is defined as L.
 2. A microscope objective lens comprising,in order from an object side: a first lens group with positiverefractive power; and a second lens group with negative refractivepower, wherein the first lens group comprises a diffractive opticalelement including a diffractive optical surface, and a conditionφDOE/φmax<0.5 is satisfied, in which a maximum diameter of the lightflux passing through the first lens group is defined as φmax, and amaximum diameter of the light flux passing through the diffractiveoptical surface is defined as φDOE.
 3. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 1, wherein a condition 0.65<(−f2)/f<2.0 is satisfied,in which a focal length of the second lens group is defined as f2, and afocal length of an entire system is defined as f.
 4. The microscopeobjective lens according to claim 1, wherein a condition 1.2<f11/f<19.0is satisfied, in which a focal length of a lens component closest to theobject of the first lens group is defined as f11, and a focal length ofan entire system is defined as f.
 5. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 1, wherein a condition 0.5≦f1/f≦3.5 is satisfied, inwhich a focal length of the first lens group is defined as f1, and afocal length of an entire system is defined as f.
 6. The microscopeobjective lens according to claim 1, wherein a lens surface closest tothe image of the second lens group is arranged to have a concave surfacefacing the image side.
 7. The microscope objective lens according toclaim 6, wherein a position of an intersection of a principal ray and anoptical axis is closer to the object than the lens surface closest tothe image of the second lens group.
 8. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 1, wherein the first lens group comprises at leastone cemented positive lens.
 9. The microscope objective lens accordingto claim 8, wherein in the at least one cemented positive lens in thefirst lens group, when an absolute value of a difference between an Abbenumber of a medium of a positive lens element and an Abbe number of amedium of a negative lens element included in the cemented positive lensis defined as Δν_(d1), at least one of the absolute values of thedifferences satisfies a condition Δν_(d1)>40.
 10. The microscopeobjective lens according to claim 1, wherein the second lens groupincludes at least one cemented negative lens.
 11. The microscopeobjective lens according to claim 10, wherein in the at least onecemented negative lens in the second lens group, when an absolute valueof a difference between an Abbe number of a medium of a positive lenselement and an Abbe number of a medium of a negative lens elementincluded in the cemented negative lens is defined as Δν_(d2), at leastone of the absolute values of the differences satisfies a conditionΔν_(d2)>30.
 12. The microscope objective lens according to claim 1,wherein a condition 2<H/d11<3.6 is satisfied, in which a marginal rayheight of the lens surface closest to the object of the first lens groupis defined as H, and an on-axis lens thickness of a lens componentclosest to the object of the first lens group is defined as d11.
 13. Themicroscope objective lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens surfaceclosest to the object of the first lens group is arranged to have aconcave surface facing the object side.
 14. The microscope objectivelens according to claim 1, wherein when a refractive index relative to ad line of a medium of a lens arranged closest to the object of the firstlens group is defined as n1, a radius of curvature of the lens surfaceclosest to the object of the lens is defined as r, power φ of the lenssurface closest to the object of the lens is defined by φ=(n1−1)/r, andwhen an effective radius of the lens surface closest to the object ofthe lens arranged closest to the object is defined as H1, a condition0.05≦|φ×H1|≦0.35 is satisfied.
 15. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 2, wherein a condition 1.2<f11/f<19.0 is satisfied,in which a focal length of a lens component closest to the object of thefirst lens group is defined as f11, and a focal length of an entiresystem is defined as f.
 16. The microscope objective lens according toclaim 2, wherein a condition 0.5≦f1/f≦3.5 is satisfied, in which a focallength of the first lens group is defined as f1, and a focal length ofan entire system is defined as f.
 17. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 2, wherein a lens surface closest to the image of thesecond lens group is arranged to have a concave surface facing the imageside.
 18. The microscope objective lens according to claim 17, wherein aposition of an intersection of a principal ray and an optical axis iscloser to the object than the lens surface closest to the image of thesecond lens group.
 19. The microscope objective lens according to claim2, wherein the first lens group comprises at least one cemented positivelens.
 20. The microscope objective lens according to claim 19, whereinin the at least one cemented positive lens in the first lens group, whenan absolute value of a difference between an Abbe number of a medium ofa positive lens element and an Abbe number of a medium of a negativelens element included in the cemented positive lens is defined asΔν_(d1), at least one of the absolute values of the differencessatisfies a condition Δν_(d1)>40.
 21. The microscope objective lensaccording to claim 2, wherein the second lens group includes at leastone cemented negative lens.
 22. The microscope objective lens accordingto claim 21, wherein in the at least one cemented negative lens in thesecond lens group, when an absolute value of a difference between anAbbe number of a medium of a positive lens element and an Abbe number ofa medium of a negative lens element included in the cemented negativelens is defined as Δν_(d2), at least one of the absolute values of thedifferences satisfies a condition Δν_(d2)>30.
 23. The microscopeobjective lens according to claim 2, wherein a condition 2<H/d11<3.6 issatisfied, in which a marginal ray height of a lens surface closest tothe object of the first lens group is defined as H, and an on-axis lensthickness of a lens component closest to the object of the first lensgroup is defined as d11.
 24. The microscope objective lens according toclaim 2, wherein a lens surface closest to the object of the first lensgroup is arranged to have a concave surface facing the object side. 25.The microscope objective lens according to claim 2, wherein when arefractive index relative to a d line of a medium of a lens arrangedclosest to the object of the first lens group is defined as n1, a radiusof curvature of a lens surface closest to the object of the lens isdefined as r, power φ of the lens surface closest to the object of thelens is defined by φ=(n1−1)/r, and when an effective radius of the lenssurface closest to the object of the lens arranged closest to the objectis defined as H1, a condition 0.05≦|φ×H1|≦0.35 is satisfied.